London Ambassadors Conference: 100 Years Later

The Flexner Report ― 100 Years Later

The Flexner Report of 1910 transformed the nature and process of medical education in America with a resulting elimination of proprietary schools and the establishment of the biomedical model as the gold standard of medical training. This transformation occurred in the aftermath of the report, which embraced scientific knowledge and its advancement as the defining ethos of a modern physician. S...

The 1918 flu, 100 years later.

ombating a disease of unknown cause is a daunting task. One hundred years ago, a pandemic of poorly understood etiology and transmissibility spread worldwide, causing an estimated 50 million deaths. Initially attributed to Haemophilus influenzae, it was not until the 1930s that an H1 subtype was identified as the causative strain. Subsequent influenza pandemics in 1957, 1968, and 2009 did not a...

Understanding Babinski's anosognosia: 100 years later.

The Anrep effect: 100 years later.

Myocardial stretch elicits a rapid increase in developed force, which is mainly caused by an increase in myofilament calcium sensitivity (Frank-Starling mechanism). Over the ensuing 10-15 min, a second gradual increase in force takes place. This slow force response to stretch is known to be the result of an increase in the calcium transient amplitude and constitutes the in vitro equivalent of t...

Widal agglutination test - 100 years later: still plagued by controversy.

We review the significance of the Widal agglutination test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever. Over 100 years since its introduction as a serologic means of detecting the presence of typhoid fever, the Widal test continues to be plagued with controversies involving the quality of the antigens used and interpretation of the result, particularly in endemic areas. Areas of concern with clinical and...